Morphine is what? Morphine in cancer. Morphine - pain reliever

Morphine is what? The answer to the question you ask will be described below. In addition, we will talk about what this drug is used for, how it is used, etc.

Morphine is what?

In its pure form, the drug "Morphine" representswhite crystalline powder. By the way, Morphine is its obsolete name. It should be specially noted that the name of this substance came from the name of the Greek god Morpheus, who commanded dreams. Morphine is a medicine that is an alkaloid of opium. It is made from dried opium poppy juice. In addition, such a substance can be found in the composition of herbs, such as staphania, moon seed, sinenium, etc.

Historical reference

Morphine is what? This drug with analgesic, soothing and hypnotic effect. The drug, made on the basis of such a substance, was actively used in medical practice in 1805. Without it, not a single hospital was available during the civil war in America. As a strong anesthetic, it was administered to wounded soldiers intravenously and intramuscularly after surgical interventions. This greatly facilitated their suffering. However, it should be noted that such a tool quickly became addictive. Soon, the condition to which the patient was exposed after a prolonged use of the medication, was given the name "soldier's disease".

As you know, at the beginning of the last century morphine was used not only by the military, but also by doctors, who with the help of him wanted to get rid of the feeling of fatigue.

Form of release of the medicinal product

The drug "Morphine" is available in the form of tablets of 0.01 g, 1% solution in ampoules and in a syringe tube of 1 ml.

Properties of the preparation

Describing morphine (medicine), we can note its following features:

This preparation is made in the form of white needles or white crystalline powder, which slightly turns yellow or gray when stored.
Such a preparation is slowly soluble in water andit is difficult to dissolve in alcohol. It is incompatible with alkalis. The prepared solution must be sterilized at 100 ° C for half an hour. To stabilize, hydrochloric acid is added thereto.
The melting point of this preparation is 254 ° C.
The specific rotation of the solution is 2%.
It ignites at a temperature of 261 ° C.
Self-ignition occurs at 349 ° C.

Pharmacodynamics

Morphine is a drug that isrepresentative of the opioid analgesics group. It causes euphoria, reduces pain symptoms, causes a sense of peace of mind, raises mood, gives bright prospects regardless of the actual state of affairs. It is these properties of this drug that contribute to the formation of physical and mental dependence.

In high doses, this remedy is ratherheavy sleeping pills. In addition, morphine inhibits all conditioned reflexes, causes miosis and lowers the excitability of the cough center. Increasing the tone of the muscles of the internal organs, it promotes spasm of the sphincter of Oddi and the biliary tract. In addition, this drug significantly impairs intestinal motility, but it accelerates the emptying and increases the peristalsis of the stomach.

Pharmacokinetics

Most often morphine (anesthetic)prescribe intravenously, subcutaneously and intramuscularly. However, rectal, oral, epidural or intrathecal use is also possible. Such a drug is absorbed rather quickly. About 20-40% of the drug binds to plasma proteins. The drug "Morphine" penetrates the placenta and can cause breathing deterioration in the fetus. It should also be noted that this remedy is determined in breast milk.

With intramuscular injection, the effect of morphine develops in about 15-26 minutes. The maximum distribution by blood flow is achieved after 35-45 minutes and lasts about 3-5 hours.

The drug "Morphine": application

Medication Morphine is used as an analgesica remedy for various diseases and injuries, which are accompanied by quite strong pain. In addition, it is used during preparation for surgery, as well as in the postoperative period. Often, it is prescribed for insomnia, severe cough and shortness of breath, which is due to acute heart failure.

Sometimes the drug "Morphine" is used inX-ray practice during the examination of the stomach, gallbladder and 12-colon. This is due to the fact that the administration of this drug helps to increase the tone of the stomach muscles, enhance its peristalsis and accelerate the emptying. Thanks to this effect, it becomes much easier for specialists to detect ulcers and tumors of internal organs.

Indications for use

As is known, morphine in cancer promotes the rapid elimination of pain, which greatly facilitates the patient's condition. In this regard, it should be noted that this tool:

suppresses the expressed painful syndrome in traumas, malignant neoplasms, myocardial infarction and unstable angina;
is used as an additional medication for local or general anesthesia during surgery;
sometimes used in childbirth, cough (if other drugs are ineffective), and pulmonary edema;
is prescribed before radiographic examination of the stomach, 12-типерстной intestine and gall bladder.

Contraindications for use

Such a drug is not recommendedtake with hypersensitivity to components, inhibition of the respiratory center (for example, against the background of drug or alcohol poisoning) and the central nervous system, as well as with paralytic intestinal obstruction. In addition, morphine can not be used for spinal and epidural anesthesia.

Use with extreme caution

Use this tool with a specialcaution follows with abdominal pain for an unclear reason, emotional lability, asthma attacks, arrhythmias, convulsions, drug dependence, alcoholism, suicidal tendencies, cholelithiasis, and also during surgical intervention on the urinary system and GIT. In addition, such a drug should be used carefully in brain trauma, prostatic hyperplasia, hepatic or renal failure, intracranial hypertension, urethral stricture, hypothyroidism, severe inflammatory bowel disease, epileptic syndrome, pregnancy, lactation and after bile duct surgery . Use morphine with extreme caution also follows in the severe condition of patients in the elderly and childhood.

Dosage

Answering the question about what morphine is - what is it, you should tell about its dosages.

For admission to the patient, it is necessaryconsult a doctor. After all, treatment should be selected depending on the individual sensitivity and severity of the pain syndrome. A single dose of this drug is 10-20 mg for adults and 0.2-0.8 mg / kg for children.

For the reception of prolonged-action capsulesa single dosage should be 10-100 mg twice a day. For subcutaneous injection - 1 mg, and for intramuscular and intravenous - 10 mg. The maximum daily dose is 50 mg. If the patient needs rectal administration, the intestine should be cleaned first. Adult suppositories are prescribed in an amount of 30 mg every 13 hours.