MAZ-2000 "Perestroika": technical specifications. Trucks of the Minsk Automobile Plant

To the question "What is a car wagon?"Anyone will answer - this is a car with a large trailer. It is supported by two rear axles (more often three), while the front seat is located on the "saddle" - a special mechanism located in the tail section of the main car. Due to sufficient mobility at the point of coupling, such a wagon can be seen and in urban conditions, although the main area of ​​application of this transport is long-distance long-distance or international flights.

List the advantages of this type of transportationcan be a long time, but we will stop at two. The first is the trailer system. We arrived at the base, handed over such a system together with the contents of the customers, and then left. The truck will have to wait until it is unloaded. Another advantage is that the tractor pulls the trailer system behind it, rather than on itself, so that the cost of using such a car is lowered.

MAZ

Freight transport Soviet Union began to produce,just ended the Great Patriotic War. The Germans in Minsk began to build a repair factory for Wehrmacht cars, but they did not finish. Completed and rebuilt it already Belarusians. So there was one of the Soviet enterprises for the production of heavy vehicles.

Immediately after the war Yaroslavl sends heredocumentation on the production of YaMZ-200. The revised version of this truck became the first own car of the BSSR. Then there was a military modification, etc. As in many other industries, the cars produced here were dispersed throughout the Land of Soviets. With the collapse of the Union, the number of orders fell sharply, for a sovereign power, there was simply no need for so much freight transport. For some time the production was even idle. Nevertheless, today the MAZ plant is still engaged in the production of transport. The letters-logo are worn by buses, trolleybuses and, of course, trucks.

The lineup

Since the end of construction of the first stagethe factory before the collapse of the Union passed about 20 years. During these years, more than a million machines were produced. Some of them were collected according to the drawings of other developers, but there were also versions that said a fundamentally new word not only in the production of Soviet trucks, but also in the world auto industry. In particular, the idea of ​​a beskapotny truck was first tested, and then presented exactly by the Minsk engineers.

Before proceeding to the description in principlea new model ("Perestroika", as many saw the first model at the Paris Motor Show), consider the truck transport that the plant produced before it.

In 1948-1965 MAZ produces the model 205. This was the first generation, which was a minor revision of the YaAZ-200 model, transferred to Minsk by Yaroslavl. On December 31, 1965, the last 205th leaves the assembly line.

Since 1966 the plant has completely switched to the model500, which began to gather in small batches since 1957. This second generation was the progenitor of the 5335 series. At the World Industrial Exhibition held in Brussels, the model 530 - a 500 series dumper - receives the Grand Prix.

Autumn of 1970 marked the beginning of the development of an improved version of second-generation machines - 500A. It introduced a new security system, a more comfortable cabin and other developments.

In March 1976, the MAZ-5549 dumper leaves the assembly shop. It is the first-born of the line 5335 - a series of very successful models for the plant.

In the spring of 1981 a new development appears. This is a car and MAZ-6422 road-train. Over the next few years, the plant is reorganizing, then-preparing for the production of triaxial tractors.

In the late 1980s, a separate group of specialistsstarts working on the next, cardinally revised model. A 21st century car, a completely new control system, a modular design, the ability to get any payload, an improved cab, a wide range of upgrade possibilities - it was just a small part of what the designers were talking about the new car. In 1986, MAZ-2000 leaves the factory gate.

Prerequisites

In most cases, the ideas of new vehiclesoriginate in Europe. And, naturally, they are developed, proceeding from the western norms and standards. In the form of an example, we can recall the birth of the first KamAZ in Moscow's ZiLe. As is known from history, the prototype of the new car was a foreign truck. It is these European regulations that limit the length of the road train by 16 meters. Used a different wheel formula, load capacity, capacity, but the standard of 16 meters is very rigid.

Union with its size and capabilities could affordDo not follow blindly the Western canons. Yes, most of the cars developed by the same MAZ plant met these requirements, but the developers of the new car asked the question: "Do we have to follow Western standards?" Perhaps, if there was another major designer at the enterprise, the answer would be different. But M. S. Vysotsky was interested in posing the question, the proposed ideas, and he gives the "green light". This is how the new MAZ-2000 car originates. In 1985, a decision was made on the development. The figures in the title are due to the same chief designer. 2000 is the boundary between the ages, and the new car is the car of the future.

Description

The main features of the new truck should bethere was a modularity and a certain unification. Thanks to them, the carrier could quickly assemble a car from a certain set of "cubes". And the one that was needed at the moment. The first experimental sample of this car was created from the following "cubes":

• the loading platform on the load-bearing frame, and subsequently the conversion of this unit to replaceable bodies was proposed;
• transport module - driven wheels with additional equipment and fastening part;
• A new and completely redesigned control cabin, about it just below;
• Frame module - for joining together all parts;
• traction module, it mounted a power plant and driving wheels.

In a separate unit, the steering was allocated. There were powerful hydraulic cylinders and other parts that turned the front part of the entire road train.

It is interesting that the designers succeeded in achievingelimination of the dead zone between the rear wall of the cabin and the cargo trailer itself, which is characteristic of the entire line of road trains. Thanks to this, the body volume increased immediately, and aerodynamics increased.

Cabin

During development, in addition to those already listed,completely new blocks and technical solutions were offered. Many of them were subsequently issued author's certificates and patents. One of the solutions was a change in the appearance of the control cabin.

For MAZ-2000 "Perestroika" it is completelyprocessed. In particular, the cab has lost a fairing, but for a new car it is not needed. The cabin height was equal to the roof of the trailer, and the front, slightly rounded part, improved aerodynamics. The lights of the road train - three yellow ones - were placed above the windshield, which also changed. The wipers turned 180 degrees and got the fasteners in the upper part of the cabin. Due to the height, the windshield also increased, it became a whole, panoramic.

Changes have also been made to the doors. Now, instead of plowing it, as it is implemented in most cars, the driver shifted it backwards along the way. This decision had one more plus. Closing the door was not necessary, since the most prominent parts were mirrors. Changes have touched and the interior of the cabin. As she became taller, the driver of any height could comfortably sit behind the wheel. Moreover - it was the only development in the Union, allowing a person to stand up to their full height. Among other innovations it was possible to note a table, a refrigerator, a tile and even an air conditioner.

Appearance

But the high cabin was not the only externalthe difference of the new MAZ-2000. The following could be called the inscription "Perestroika" in transliteration, adorned on the side surface of the awning, which covers the cargo platform.

In addition to these two permanent parts, the appearance of the machine was continually recycled. In particular, three options were proposed:

1. Along the bottom, from the traction module to the rearoverhang, there was to be a red stripe. On the rear wheels were going to put decorative branded caps and add a decorative grille on the lower part of the frame, below the cargo platform.
2. The second option was to install a grille at the level of the rear wheels. The color of the strip was thought to be replaced by blue.
3. In both cases, the headlights weretraction module. The third variant of registration moved them to the front wall of the cabin, and in the module added ventilation grilles. It was in this version that the car went to the Paris Motor Show in 1988.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main idea of ​​the development was the possibilityrecompile the car as a children's designer. We need a truck for 20 tons - one traction module and a trailer. Want 60 tons - three traction modules working synchronously, and, accordingly, three trailers. According to the engineers, a couple of such machines could replace a dozen standard ones.

Another advantage is improved aerodynamics. The base model could support a speed of 120 km / h.

The pluses also included an increased body volume. This was achieved mainly by eliminating the dead zone that exists between the cabin and the trailer in the usual "saddler".

It was not without drawbacks.

First, the wheel formula of the new machinediffered from all previously announced. The driving axis is one. Accordingly, the standard version can be called 6x2, but if we have an extended type and two or three traction modules?

The second disadvantage was that the motor, located under the fixed cabin, could create difficulties in the repair.

Well, finally, before running this modelit required a complete redesign of the infrastructure - because of the unusual design of driving a car in the cramped conditions of the current roads would be very problematic.

Technical specifications

Since MAZ-2000 did not go into mass production, it is quite difficult to say something specific about technical parameters.

The speed was already indicated, we add that the total weight of the road train could be from 33 to 40 tons (only the base version), and the length of the experimental version is almost 15 meters.

Nowadays

This car did not go into production. Two experimental samples were collected, 6x2 and 8x2. The first lived until 2004, after which he was cut to metal, the second one stands as a monument at the main gate of the plant.

Conclusion

Truck MAZ-2000 "Perestroika" has become boldthe decision of Minsk engineers, which would go into mass production, do not happen to collapse of the Union. The car was considered the car of the future, and this decision would appear later, perhaps it would have been by the time.