The deadweight of the vessel is ... Deadweight (ship's carrying capacity): denomination

Today the transport system is worldwideis significantly divided between different modes of transport. Any thing that comes to us from abroad, delivered by road, rail, air or sea transport. The role of the latter is particularly great in the combination of continents and continents, since water covers most of the earth's surface, which makes transportation by trucks and trains impossible. The message by planes is too expensive. Moreover, the aircraft is able to carry not so much weight. There remains one type of transport, which has been in demand for hundreds of years - marine.

In view of the fact, to what extentTrade relations developed, in practice many types of ships began to be used. For example, there are dry cargo ships (including universal ships, bulk carriers, lighter carriers), refrigerators (vessels with refrigeration equipment for transporting products), container ships (for transport of classic marine 8-foot containers) and others. For these ships the deadweight is adapted to transport a certain type of product; all of them are equipped with special equipment. Thus, almost any product can be transported by the sea anywhere in sufficient volume!

How are ships applied?

Most goods that go in large quantities,are delivered by sea. The ship is able to accommodate thousands of tons of cargo, - so many aircraft in the world will not raise it. What is also important is the relatively low cost of transporting large consignments of cargo by sea. For comparison, if the largest An-225 (Mriya) is capable of carrying 120 tons, the deadweight of the vessel (this is the gross tonnage) of even a small ship is 3-5 thousand tons. What to say about large floating platforms for transportation. Now it is obvious that the use of water transport is much more rational if it is a matter of transporting goods. The disadvantage of the same ships can be called unless a long duration of their voyage. However, this is not scary, because you can plan the delivery of goods, hoping for time to deliver them by sea.

How much can the ship accommodate?

As already noted, the capacity of the shipcharacterizes such an indicator as the deadweight of the vessel. The designation is from the English deadweight, which means "dead weight". It is meant that it is this maximum mass that a ship capable of doing at the normal stroke can transport. You can not exceed this figure. Knowing it is important in order to effectively charter a ship without forcing it to float with free places and not overload it to a critical mass. For ships, deadweight is calculated by subtracting the mass of an empty ship ready to sail, from the mass at which the ship completely submerges in water to the cargo mark (full displacement).

What does this characteristic mean?

In fact, the deadweight of a ship is the difference in mass,which is not enough to fully load the ship, minus the basic equipment of the ship. When loading this characteristic is taken into account in such a way as the extreme value, the maximum that the ship can transport. Transport companies chartering sea ships and engaged in transportation on a regular basis, knowing that the deadweight of the vessel is its most important characteristic, are able to distribute cargoes as efficiently as possible on free vessels. This value can also be called the carrying capacity of an individual floating device.

Why do you need to calculate deadweight?

In addition to knowing what weight is maximallycan be transported on this or that ship, with the help of deadweight it is also possible to effectively calculate the mass of "payload" and cargo, which is necessary for navigation. The first can include those goods and things that, according to the contract, should transport the ship from point A to point B. As for the second, - cargo for navigation, - then it should include supplies of fresh water, fuel and other combustible materials, reserves provisions, as well as the weight of all people on board.

According to the specialists of the marine business, the deadweight of a vessel is usually two parts, distributed in a ratio of 90% to 10% in favor of the so-called payload.

Examples of deadweight of various ships

In order to more clearly represent the sizeLet us consider some examples. So, there is a dry cargo ship "Omsk", which belongs to the class R2 / R3 RSN. It is a ship with a body length of 108 and a width of 15 meters. In the movement of this vessel lead two screws. According to the data from the Maritime Register of Shipping, the deadweight of the ship "Omsk" is 3,070 tons, both when moving along the river, and by sea. It turns out that about 200 tons will be reserve reserves and almost 2800 tons can be placed on this ship in the form of cargo. It should be noted that in the dry cargo ship the ratio will be 90% to 10%, and somewhere 95% to 5% - more in favor of cargo accommodation than on passenger ships.

Other vessel characteristics

It is obvious that such a characteristic as deadweightThe vessel is an important parameter, which is extremely necessary in calculating the efficiency of the ship's expedition and its final cost. However, it is obvious that this is not the only important indicator. For example, when chartering a floating facility, you should also pay attention to the overall capacity of the holds, their dimensions. In addition, an important role is played by the type of cargo ship, its intended purpose (for the transportation of what kind of cargo it is used primarily).

In general, such an indicator as the carrying capacity, plays a huge role. He has to face the organizers of transportation every time the ship is loaded.

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