Acetylene cutter: device, operating principle, features
One of the most popularmetalworking tools is a gas cutter that allows you to cut products from iron and steel in accordance with the approved project. The action of such devices is based on heating the material to high temperatures, its combustion in an oxygen jet, and removal of the combustion products from the cutting zone by the same jet.
At large production facilities a specialpopular is the acetylene cutter, which is able to cut steel sheets and metal products with a thickness of 300 millimeters or more. At the same time, the productivity of the enterprise increases, the quality of the products is improved, and the production process is accelerated.
The device of acetylene torches
Any oxygen-oxygen cutter consists of threethe main parts - gas cylinders, barrel and tip. The barrel is a handle with nipples, which serve to connect gas hoses with oxygen and acetylene. The body also has three valves, through which regulate the supply of cutting and heating oxygen, as well as working gas (acetylene).
![], propane acetylene torch](/images/domashnij-uyut/acetilenovij-rezak-ustrojstvo-princip-raboti-osobennosti_2.jpg)
One of the main elements included in theacetylene torch, is an injector-accelerator of charged particles. A mixing chamber is immediately attached to it, in which a combustible mixture of acetylene and chemically pure oxygen is formed. The mixing chamber flows smoothly into the feed tube of warming oxygen.
Just before the injector on the barrel there isbranch - a tube of cutting oxygen. It has a valve that regulates the supply of chemically pure oxygen. The ends of the feed pipes of the heating mixture and cutting oxygen are connected to the tip. It consists of inner and outer mouthpieces, which are placed in a special head of the cutter.
Principle of action of acetylene torch
Like any other gas-oxygen knife,acetylene cutter processes metal products by simultaneous exposure to high temperature and directed oxygen flow. After the gas hoses are connected to the nipples, oxygen is sent in two directions. One part of the gas, through a special branch, gets into the tube of cutting oxygen, and the other - into the injector.
Coming out of the injector, oxygen develops highspeed and creates a zone of vacuum in the mixing chamber. Because of the difference in pressure, acetylene begins to "suck in" the chamber, which mixes evenly with O2. The resulting mixture of gases at high speed moves further and breaks through the gap between the inner and outer mouthpieces while igniting simultaneously.
This forms a warming flame, whichbrings the material to an amorphous (semi-liquid / semi-solid) state. Through a set on the acetylene torch, a jet of cutting oxygen also rips out, which at its high speed "blows away" the molten metal.
Features of acetylene torch
All the features of the acetylene torch are due toworking gas - acetylene. Unlike other types of fuel, it is capable of heating up to a temperature of about 3100 degrees Celsius. It is thanks to this that:
- Highest productivity - with the help of an acetylene gas-oxygen knife, it is possible to cut material with a thickness of more than 300 mm.
- A low proportion of oxidative processes - structural bonds in molecules are instantly destroyed without the formation of compounds with oxygen.
- High quality cutting.
On the market in a wide range of cutteracetylene "Mayak". Models differ mainly in either the design of the trunk or its replaceable part - the mouthpiece, on which the intensity depends, as well as the size of the gas jet.
Universal Cutters
In some cases, use a gas cutterAcetylene is economically impractical. At the same time, it is unreasonable to have two cutters working on different types of fuel. Therefore, at large production facilities, universal gas-oxygen knives are very popular. Their main feature is the ability to work on different types of fuel.
