Standard size of expanded clay blocks according to GOST

Expanded clay concrete - modern buildingmaterial relating to lightweight concrete. It produces blocks and other elements that are used for the erection of internal and external walls of houses and engineering structures for various purposes. It is also used to fill monolithic frames as a heat-insulating material.

Composition and production

Claydite blocks are obtained by mixingclaydite, portland cement, sand and water by semi-dry vibrocompression. Sometimes, if necessary, add permitted plasticizing agents. Depending on the place of application, the composition may vary: to increase the thermal insulation properties, the amount of sand and cement may decrease, while the volume of expanded clay increases, reducing the weight of the products and the weight of the finished object. At the same time, the heat and sound insulation values ​​increase.

Expanded claydite - a specially processed bakedclay, which looks like porous oval pebbles. Depending on the method of production, they can have an angular shape, such material is called expanded clay gravel. For the production of blocks, a filler with a fraction of 5-10 mm is used.

Because, clay is a natural cheap material,the house of such blocks will be environmentally safe and the total cost of materials will be lower than buying more traditional and common building stones (gypsum concrete, foam concrete).

Classifications

As the composition, the size of claydite blocks and characteristics can be different, they are divided into several groups into several groups:

1. By appointment:

• Constructive. The heaviest and strongest blocks. They are used for the construction of independent supporting elements of buildings, bridges, overpasses. Specific weight of such blocks from 1400 to 1800 kg / m^3.
• Structural and thermal insulation are involved in the erection of walls, mostly single-layer walls. Specific weight of blocks from 600 to 1400 kg / m^3.
• Thermal insulation is used as a heater of various designs. The lightest elements with the least content of cement and sand. Specific weight of 350-600 kg / m³.

2. By area of ​​application:

• Wall. For internal and external laying different degrees of responsibility.
• Partitions for dividing the inter-room and in some cases inter-apartment space.

3. According to the form. All blocks parallelepipedal differ only in the degree of filling:

• Full body.
• Hollow.

4. In the order of masonry:

• Facial.
• Ordinary.

Standards

By properties and technical indicatorskeramzitobetonnye blocks should meet the requirements established in GOST 6133-99 "Concrete wall stones." The document lists various parameters for quality control, stamps, raw materials for their production, transportation and storage rules.

GOST specifies the specific dimensions of the gas block, foam block, expanded clay block:

Also, the document indicates the permissible deviation from the basic dimensions:

Common parameters

Dimensions keramzitobloka GOST is clearly defined, for clarity, we simplify and translate them into the usual form and we get the following table:

According to these values, you can always calculate the amount of materials needed for construction. These figures apply to blocks of all types of concrete.

The standard size of a claydite block can bechanged by specific wishes at the production stage for a particular lot or for a whole product line. Then the seller must indicate that the product is manufactured according to the specifications and has personal, different from the accepted sizes.

In the standard, not only the size of the claydite blocks is registered, but also the basic shape of the stones - the parallelepiped. The element can have flat ends, as well as pile-and-groove connections.

The shape of the stones (polyhedra, semicircles, etc.) can be changed for the construction of architectural elements of structures.

Specifications

Note that the size of expanded clay blocks does not affect the performance.

1. In terms of strength, claydite blocks differ depending on the field of application:

2. Bulk weight:

3. The thermal conductivity of blocks from expanded clay concrete is in the range of 0.14-0.66 W / (m * K). The indicator depends on the amount of sand and cement in the composition of the stone - the less of them, the higher the block's ability to retain heat. The hollow elements have the highest rate, the structure of them will be the warmest.

4. Frost resistance depends on the severity of the block - the greater the weight, the greater the number of cycles withstand the material.

5. Water absorption for a standard claydite block - up to 10%. The indicator can be reduced by adding special plasticizing additives and improvers to the composition.

6. The vapor permeability increases with porosity - 0.3-0.9 mg / (m * h * Pa). Accordingly, light insulation blocks perfectly pass moisture.

7. Sound insulation depends on the degree of porosity of the unit. With a partition thickness of 90 mm, protection is provided up to 50 dB.

8. Refractoriness. Keramzitobeton is able to withstand 180 minutes. at an exposure temperature of 1050⁰FROM.

9. The shrinkage corresponds to a value of 0.3-0.5 mm / m.

10. The permissible building number is 12.

Application

Blocks of expanded clay concrete are universal - theiruse for the erection of different parts of buildings and engineering structures. For the foundation, massive elements are produced that can withstand significant loads, the body is additionally reinforced. For walls there are both independent and warming blocks. The difference lies in the design and composition: the elements for supporting and supporting structures have a greater weight and density, and the insulating ones are more porous and lighter.

Partitions made of expanded clay concrete are goodIsolate sound in rooms. Such suit in homes and facilities for various purposes. The size of the barrier claydite block allows you to assemble the wall quickly with minimal labor.

Advantages over other materials

+ Produced claydite blocks, the sizes of whichstandardized, easy to lay: their porous structure allows the solution to penetrate into the body of the stone, thereby ensuring a reliable ligation of the masonry.

+ Walls erected from hollow blocks can be easily reinforced: a reinforcement reinforcing the construction is inserted into the through holes, creating a frame. This is especially true for multi-storey construction.

+ The size of expanded clay blocks allows you to save on the amount of mortar for masonry, and also reduces labor costs for the erection of structures.

+ Low weight elements do not require a strong foundation for the base.

+ The ability to save without using additional insulation.

+ "Breathable" walls allow maintaining an optimal climate in the premises without condensation.

+ Ceramsite concrete surface can be finished with different building materials, and its structure will ensure reliable adhesion of the layers.

+ Solid stones withstand various hanging objects (cabinets, shelves, appliances).

+ Minimal shrinkage is almost not displayed on the finish and integrity of the structures.

disadvantages

• In comparison with heavy concrete, expanded clay is less durable, therefore its use for foundations is possible only with low-rise construction and careful calculation.
• When building high-rise buildings, high-density blocks are required, which increases the load on the foundation and requires a more powerful construction, which can increase the cost of the project.
• It happens that keramzitoblok sizes arenonideal due to its structure, it is necessary to make the packing especially carefully. But if the deviations within the limits allowed by GOST, there are no problems.

Features of application and selection

If, when choosing a building material for a house, you stopped on claydite concrete, you need to take into account some of the nuances:

1. In order not to create additional insulation, it is necessary to arrange a wall thickness of at least 40 mm. Then living in the house will be comfortable, and the microclimate is always optimal.
2. Masonry should be made by carefully measuring the thickness of the joints. There should not be any protrusions or overhangs.
3. For the house of claydite blocks, a strip foundation is suitable, unless there is a basement premise. After it settles, you can start building walls.

The size of the claydite block standard defines clearly,and therefore, if the project you have calculated for such parameters, be careful when buying the material: the manufacturer must specify the dimensions according to GOST or TU. They may be different.