Khrunichev Rocket and Space Plant

The enterprise, best known as Rocketplant them. Khrunichev (although in its history it had many different names), is the legend of Russian science and industry. This company is almost 100 years old. The products produced by the plant can be fully considered the subject of Russia's national pride. These are the legendary Proton rockets, the promising Angara. The plant designs one of the most promising developments in the world space industry - the Baikal accelerator. The branches of the enterprise produce many other types of products that are necessary for the Russian aerospace industry.

Production

One of the flagships of the Russian defense industry- Rocket and Space Plant. Khrunichev. Its official name, of course, sounds different. Namely - FSUE "State Space Research and Production Center named after M.V. Khrunichev ". Just in the press and in the communication of citizens with each other a more concise title was fixed - this brand is so well known.

Khrunichev's plant is actually a fewenterprises located in different parts of Russia. They produce many types of rocket and space technology. The most famous examples of products are the Proton, Kosmos-3M, Rokot and Angara missiles. Among the promising developments is a reusable accelerator for Baikal rockets.

History

The Khrunichev plant was originally launched asAutomotive company, named "Russo-Balt-2". The year of its foundation is 1917th. However, since the mid-1920s, airplanes were built on it, which were built on the projects of aircraft designers Tupolev, Ilyushin, Arkhangelsky, Petlyakov. In the 1950s, the factory produced Bizon bombers, designed by Myasishchev. In 1961, the plant received an almost modern name - "Mashinostroitelny Plant named after M.I. Khrunichev "- and began to specialize in the production of rocket and space technology. Several generations of rockets, Salyut and Mir stations were launched on it. In 1993 the Khrunichev plant acquired a modern name. It also included KB Salyut. In 2007, the plant was assigned its current organizational and legal form - the federal state unitary enterprise. There were subsidiary structures, such as, for example, the company "Length" (Moscow). Plant them. Khrunichev also joined the KB. Isayeva, the Voronezh Mechanical Plant, and in 2008, was joined by Perm enterprise OAO Proton-PM, in 2012 - Ust-Katavsky plant named after. CM. Kirov.

Proton rocket

One of the most recognizable product samples,issued by the Center. Khrunichev (a factory whose reviews have become one of the foundations of the public perception of the power of the Soviet defense industry - the one that is located in Moscow) - the Proton rocket. It appeared in the course of development of developments on the creation of the intercontinental ballistic missile UR-500. In the course of modernization of the ICBM, the carrier "Proton-K" appeared, which, according to many experts, became the most successful example of Soviet rocket engineering in its segment.

On commercial rails the use of "Protons-K"was delivered in 1996 (the European satellite Astra 1F was launched into orbit). Subsequently, several dozen launches from private customers were carried out. Russian designers also developed a version of the "Proton", adapted to bring cargo to the geostationary orbit. Now the modified missile, whose name "Proton-M" is the most frequently used in its series.

The Angara rocket

Development of the Angara launch vehicle, as recognizedmany experts, is one of the key areas of the Russian space industry. This is a whole family of missiles (there are those belonging to the "light" class, as well as those that are "heavy" carriers).

It is assumed that some samples willorbit up to 35 tons of cargo. The main competitor of the Russian development is the Falcon missile (in "heavy" modifications) of the American company SpaceX. An interesting fact is that here there is a confrontation of a state corporation with a half-century history and a very young private company, created virtually from scratch. In the development of modules "Angara", at the same time, not only Moscow - the plant named after. Khrunicheva found partners in South Korea. Especially for use with the "Angara" rocket, an accelerator "Baikal" is created, designed for multiple launches.

Accelerator "Baikal"

Operates Baikal fairly simply, and at the same timetime performs the most important functions. With the help of the accelerating stage, the rocket rises to a height of about 70 km. Then the engine of the "Angara" is turned on, after which the rocket is put into orbit. "Baikal" in the meantime undocks from the carrier and returns to Earth like an airplane. After a technical inspection and making the necessary changes, it can be re-used: in the projects that the Khrunichev plant presents to the public, it is said that "Baikal" can rise 25 times in the air (but in the course of improving the complex, this figure can really be brought to 200).

The main partner of the plant. Khrunichev on the project of creating "Baikal" - NGO "Molniya". It is assumed that the accelerator will have a starting mass of the order of 130.4 tons, a length of 27 meters and a diameter (in the center) of 2.9 meters. A key component of Baikal is the universal missile module (URM), equipped with a tail unit, a wing, , chassis and other systems.

Engines

Affiliated structure of the center. Khrunichev - "Voronezh Mechanical Plant" - collects many types of engines for the aerospace industry. Historically, the first units were M-11, installed on PO-2 aircraft. In the years after the Great Patriotic War, the plant began to produce engines АШ-62ИР, М14В26 and other models of units for various types of aviation. Since the late 50's rocket-space engines have started to be manufactured in Voronezh: RD-0109, RD-0210, RD-0114 (they are installed on the "Protons") and other types of high-tech units.

Now the plant is working to establishproduction of RD-191 engines for the Angara missiles. At the moment, among the Russian enterprises only VSW has the capacity to produce piston engine engines. Units produced in Voronezh are put on training and sports aircraft, as well as helicopters for various purposes.