How the short participle is formed

Before we start talking about briefparticiples, let's remember what kind of speech it is. In school, it is characterized as a special form of the verb, which denotes a sign by action. But some linguists do not unreasonably believe that this is an independent part of speech. After all, it is characterized by some signs that are not available for the verb.

Like the verb, the sacrament is perfect and imperfect and has

present and past tense. (Note that he has no future tense). For example: laughing - imperfect type, present time, or laughed - perfect view, elapsed time. This part of speech can be replaced with the verb from which it was formed. For example: Guest - guest who was invited.

But, like the adjective, the full participle changes in numbers and genera: Reader - Reader - Reader - Reader. (For comparison, the adjective: cheerful - cheerful - merry - funny). And just as an adjective, it has a full and concise form.

Features of the formation of a short participle

One of the forms of the passive participle, indicating the sign of an object experiencing any action from the outside, is brief: is open - short passive (compare: open Complete passive. In the sentence, the full form usually acts as a definition, and the short form of this part of the speech is always a predicate, for example: I saw her shrouded shrouded shoulders. - Shoulders shrouded in shawl (shrouded - definition, and shrouded in - predicate).

A short participle is formed most often with the help of suffixes -n- and -t-. For example: removed, dopit. Unlike the full form, a short one has one -n: srublennth - srubleMr.s, vymoshchennth - vymoshcheMr.s. By the way, one should remember about the widespread speech error in using one suffix when forming a short form instead of another. In the house of the ubrato - instead of the normative: cleaned.

The Holy Communion is changed by numbers: Configured - configured, started - started etc. In the singular, it also varies by birth: simplified - simplified - simplified; grown - grown - grown.

In order not to confuse the short form of adjectives andparticiples, it is necessary to clearly distinguish, from which part of speech this word is formed. The short participle is from the verb, and the short adjective is from the full form of the adjective, for example: throw - abandoned - abandoned; good - good.

How to distinguish a short adjective and a short communion. Examples

Let us try, for example, to learn to distinguish between the verbal adjective and the sacrament in a brief form. He was uneducated. How to determine what part of the speech is before us? Let's talk. If the Communion is before us, we can always ask the question in the instrumental case. He was uneducated (by whom?) - so you can not ask, because the meaning of what is said is lost. In this context, uneducated - a short adjective, since it can also be replaced by a synonym: illiterate.

In a sentence "These sculptures are formed by nature itself "aboutbrazed - a short participle. Since it is easy to ask from him: by whom? or than?, without changing the meaning of what was said. In this sentence, the word nature.

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