Separate application: example. Separate application: examples of proposals. Offers with separate applications

Questions about stand-alone applicationsquite often meet in the exam assignments for the USE and GIA, and very many examiners are unable to correctly answer them. How can I learn to find an application in a sentence and determine it correctly?

What is an application?

An appendix should be understood as a definition,which is expressed with the help of a noun and is consistent with the word being determined. The application can mean completely different qualities of subjects, provide information about the profession, nationality, age and many other characteristics of a person or thing.

There are separate applications andnot isolated. The first should be studied more carefully, which is up to the second, here we can talk about the names of our own, which are combined with common nouns, as well as cases where the proper nouns are followed by proper names.

Separate application: example and analysis

Common applications that are expressedthe nominal noun with dependent words, and which themselves refer to the nominal noun, can be separated. Such applications are most often located behind a definable word and very rarely in front of it. For example: "My father was joking more, a man with gray whiskers."

In this case, the application "a man with graywhiskers "refers to the nominal noun, therefore it is separated by a comma. Also, the designs of the following type can be segregated: "The engineer was speaking, he is one of the developers of this engine, Igor Sikorsky."

Single application

Unspoken application can beIsolated if it is behind the common noun, and if this noun has attached to itself a whole series of additional explanatory words. They come across in speech much less often, therefore separate applications with examples to find much easier.

Even less often, such an application can be isolated, butthis is possible if it is in the case of a single noun, and is used to reinforce the semantic role of another application, without allowing a confluence with the defined words, for example: "Father, disabled, fed and clothed from a young age, and himself."

Applications with dashes

A standalone distributed application, exampleswhich can be found in a large number of references, can be attached to the nominal noun by means of a hyphen: mother-heroine, teenage boys, etc. Sometimes a hyphenic spelling becomes possible in the presence of a definition explaining the general nature of the sentence, it can relate to everything say or only one word.

A hyphenated spelling is possible after the namesown (very often this happens when specifying the geographical names), for example: Moscow-river. There are cases when a hyphen is put after the proper name, it is possible when an application together with a name is able to form a single semantic core, for example: Ivan Tsarevich.

When can I not put a hyphen when using applications?

There are times when the application is usedwithout a hyphen, for example, when it is equated by its lexical meaning to the name of the adjective. Another principle is also used if, when two nouns of a nominal type are combined, one of them has the meaning of the generic concept, and the other - the species one (except for the terms).

If the application or the specified nounitself is written with a hyphen, additional isolation is not needed here. Along with the noun being defined, there can be two unused applications at once, they will not be isolated in this case either.

Suggestions with separate applications: examples

Those applications that relate to the namecan be separated from two sides if they are located after the word being defined. For example: "This morning Kataev, the driver of the first bus, told about yesterday's incident". If the application faces its own name and has an additional circumstantial lexical meaning, it will also be detached: "Confident, Maxim remained so even in the most difficult situations."

A stand-alone application, an example of which canlook like the proper name of any person or animal, has a place to be in the sentence if it has an explanatory character or is used to specify the common noun: "Masha's dog, Rosalind, did not like strangers and constantly tried to protect her mistress from them." Quite often a double punctuation is possible here, everything will depend on whether there is an explanatory shade of meaning in the sentence or not.

Appendix + Alliances

Separate application, examples of proposals withwhich are often introduced into the stupor of inexperienced native speakers, in fact, does not carry a particular complexity. So, it can be joined with the help of an "as" union and combinations of the type "by name", "by nickname," etc. For example: "Katya, like a smart girl, wanted to get a perfect suitor."

If the union has a lexical meaning "inquality of something ", then the turn that will be attached with the help of it, can not be considered an application, and all the more apart from all other commas. Also, applications that have the "how" union are not detached, in the event that they characterize an object on one side only. A separate application, an example of which can be found in the sentence "He could not get used to it as an actress", will not be distinguished by commas.

Application + pronoun

Separate agreed application, exampleswhich are sometimes difficult to understand, are always marked with a comma next to the pronoun. In these cases, different variants of isolation are possible. They will depend directly on the intonation with which it was uttered, as well as on the presence of pauses after pronouns.

A comma may not be placed in those sentences whereThe indicative particle along with the pronoun is behind the noun, but before the application. Writing in this case is controversial, now the largest linguists studying the issue are trying to come to some common opinion.

Complex cases

Even if you know what is detachedapplication (examples of suggestions with it do not scare you), be prepared for the fact that there will be various exceptions. For example, an application can relate to a word that is not at all in the sentence, but it is implicit in the context.

Most often this happens when there is nothe suggestion of a pronoun, it is usually prompted either by the personal forms of the predicate, or by other available means. For example: "Always, a bitch, I do not drink, but for this case I'll definitely drink." With the help of the verb form, one can guess that the sentence does not contain the pronoun "I".

A dash instead of a comma in isolation

In some cases, a stand-alone application,examples of proposals that need to be studied when preparing for the Unified State Examination can be allocated on the letter not with commas, but with a dash. Most often, this happens when you can insert any word before the application without changing the general meaning of the sentence.

Also, a dash is placed before the application,located at the end of the sentence, provided that the punctuation character explains the nature of the application. A dash can be used to isolate applications that have an explanatory character. For example: "Some kind of boring picture - the creation of a sad artist - hung a hole on the wallpaper".

Dash is put as a punctuation mark inIf the application is separated by a comma. For example: "With the help of special equipment for scuba diving, anyone can dive into the depths of the ocean and look closer to the inhabitants of the seabed."

A standalone application, an example of which looksThus: "At the meeting the leading experts - heads of departments", - in this case expresses the concretizing meaning of the word being defined, which has a more general meaning, from which it is impossible to infer who is talking about.

Suggestions with separate applications, exampleswhich can look like this: "The main person of the department - Tatyana Petrovna, said that we will not go anywhere today", - are built so that the application is in front of the defined word. Dash in this case plays the role of a tool for isolating the application.

A dash can be used if the applicationis combined with a homogeneous term of the sentence, clarifying its meaning. For example: "Father, mother, their daughter - Katya, two friends, grandchildren met at dinner". This sentence, complicated by a separate application, examples of which are very conservative, does not have a second dash.

Also a dash can be used to,To separate the homogeneous applications, located before the determined word, from each other. For example, "The author of hundreds of books, scripts, stories and fables - Alexei Petrovich decided to suddenly change activities, and was carried away by jumping with a parachute and diving."

Also dashes can be used in structuresof the following type: "Pushkin-Bezrukov was magnificent". In this case, the application is not detached, but plays the role of a refinement element in the subject. From the sentence it becomes clear that the role of the famous poet was performed by no less famous actor.

Conclusion

A stand-alone application, an example of which canhelp to deal with a difficult question in the exam, in fact is not too difficult to perceive. If necessary, any student can use reference materials on the Russian language to make sure that he really understands what an application is and how to properly allocate it within any design.

Before the exam, it is recommended that you read the reference literature, develop the most optimal options for determining the application, and work them out with examples for better mastering the material.