Why do bacteria stand out in a special realm of wildlife?

All living organisms on our planet are officialscience is divided into several large groups, which include a great variety of species and subspecies. Why do bacteria stand out in a particular kingdom? There are special reasons for this, allowing scientists to apply this classification. Let us deal with you in this matter.

Two groups

Why do bacteria stand out in a particular kingdom? The answer is quite simple: all living creatures on our planet can be divided into 2 large groups: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The second includes mushrooms with plants and animals - multicellular organisms.

The first is widely represented by bacteria (alsocyanide oil with microscopic fungi). Representatives of the first group have fundamental differences that make it possible to isolate bacteria as special living beings, isolating them from all others. Why do bacteria stand out in a particular kingdom? What is the difference, what is the difference between them and evolution?

The main difference, or Why do bacteria stand out in a particular kingdom?

The main difference that allows such aclassification: prokaryote has no nucleus, ring DNA exists directly in the cytoplasm (this segment is called a nucleoid). In eukaryotes, on the contrary, the nuclei are clearly formed, and the hereditary data are separated from the cytoplasm by their membranes. Thus, we see that bacteria are quite different from other living beings on Earth, in their internal structure.

In addition, the vast majority of representatives of the other three kingdoms - animals with plants and mushrooms - are multicellular creatures. And practically all bacteria are unicellular.

Additional features

There are additional reasons to understand why bacteria are isolated in a particular kingdom.

• Since there are no nuclei in the prokaryotes, there is no such thing as mitosis. They multiply by simple division of cells in half.
• In eukaryotes large ribosomes, there are organelles: mitochondria and cell centers and endoplasmic reticulum. And in bacteria, the role of membrane organoids is performed by mesosomes - outgrowths on the plasma membrane, and ribosomes - small non-membrane organelles.
• The prokaryote cell is much smaller than that of eukaryotes (about 10 times the diameter, about a thousand in size).

The similarities of both groups

However, representatives of all groups have similarities inits structure. Cells of any living organism contain: first, the plasma membrane, secondly, the cytoplasm, and thirdly, the ribosomes. This rule applies to all representatives of the kingdoms in nature.

Manifold

Thus, we established why the bacteriaisolated in a special realm of living organisms. And the kingdom is truly huge and includes a wide variety of species, combining arhebacteria and eubacteria, microscopic fungi and blue-green algae. Bacteria today's science refers to the smallest organisms-prokaryotes, which are characterized by a cellular structure (sizes - 0.1-30 microns).

These creatures see visually, without helpspecial optical devices, it is physically impossible. It is no coincidence to the invention of the microscope device, and even for some time after some luminaries of science (this includes, for example, and the famous Carl Linnaeus) denied the existence of the nature of these very important organisms, attributing their game of imagination. For today, scientists have studied only about two and a half thousand varieties of this kingdom. But much remains to be discovered - after all, not all species are known. A study of various bacteria is a special branch of science - microbiology. She explores the most numerous inhabitants of our planet, which are invisible to the naked eye.