Dynamic model: types, characteristics. Dynamic system

What is a dynamic model? Let's try to identify its features, give examples of such systems.

Classification of models

There are certain signs on which different types of dynamic models are distinguished.

Depending on the simulation stages, there are:

• Cognitive - assuming the mental form of the object;
• meaningful - meaning obtaining information, as well as identifying patterns and relationships (description, explanation);
• formal - consisting of mathematical regularities and algorithms that describe and mimic real processes and objects;
• conceptual - created on a visual or verbal level, related to the structural-functional, causal models.

Means of implementation

The characteristic of dynamic models assumesaccounting for the funds used to implement the model. With the help of material resources, the basic geometric, dynamic, physical, and functional characteristics of the analyzed object are reproduced. As a special case, physical variants that are similar in nature to the object chosen for the modeling process are considered.

Theoretical construction can be ideal, based on logical, graphic, mathematical symbolic schemes.

Subdivision of mathematical models

There is their division into analytical,assuming the description of properties and interrelations through the application of functions. Simulation variants are based on multiple studies, in particular, procedures and algorithms that describe the process of working capacity of the analyzed system.

Division by display variant

By this parameter, there are three main types of models.

Heuristic are the images thatarise in the human imagination. For their full description use the words of natural language. For example, the information verbal model can be attributed to this type. For the description, mathematical or formal-logical expressions are not supposed to be used.

It is heuristic modeling that is the main means of moving beyond the boundaries of established ideas about certain events and phenomena.

Such a dynamic model is necessary forthe initial stage of design, when there is no full information about the analyzed phenomenon or object. Further, this model is changed to precise and specific options.

Natural models are variants,characterized by a complete analogy with the present system. The difference exists only in size, as well as in the material used to create the full-scale model.

The dynamic model can be expressed inmathematical form. In this case, the use of formal-logical expressions is assumed. Similarly, you can describe mental, social, economic phenomena and processes.

Mathematical models are considered inexpensive anduniversal variants, with the help of which it is possible to carry out "pure" experiments for a specific problem. It is the mathematical dynamic model that is the basis for the application of computer and computer technology. The results obtained in the course of mathematical modeling are compared with the figures obtained in physical modeling.

Intermediate Modeling Options

Any dynamical system can be describedintermediate options. The graphical model is an average indicator between mathematical and heuristic variants. Such models can be expressed in diagrams, graphs, sketches, drawings, graphs.

Analog variants make it possible to study the same phenomena or mathematical expressions by creating analog objects.

The dynamic system is selected depending on the nature and volume of information about it, as well as on the capabilities of the analyst himself.

The static model is a one-step sectioninformation on the phenomenon being studied or an object that is built for a certain period of time. Such a model is built on accounting documents, considering monthly losses or profits.

When using a dynamic model, you can analyze the changes that occur with the object for a certain period of time.

Features of information systems

How can I use dynamic models? Examples of such types are financial indicators taken over several years that can be used to forecast the profit of an enterprise.

Among the popular types of information models, three types are used: the composition model, the "black box", the structural variant.

A "black box" is a system thatrepresents something integral, taken from the outside world. The environment and systems are interconnected through the exchange of output and input parameters. An example of such dynamic systems can be considered a living organism.

The model of the "black box" is athe simplest mapping of a particular system, in which there is no information about the internal content, is only the output and input connections to the external environment. The boundaries between the environment and a similar system are conditional. Apply a similar model in those cases where there is no information about the internal content of the system. For example, the instruction for using a washing machine, tape recorder contains a detailed description of the connection, the adjustment of the operation, the result of using the device. This information is sufficient for an ordinary user, but it is not enough for a master servicing such a technique.

An example of such a dynamic system can be considered an analysis of accounting reporting documents.

Conclusion

There are many options for describing dynamic systems. For successful process management it is important to correctly model and analyze the state of the system. The choice of a specific description depends on the availability of preliminary information, the ability to obtain additional information about the process, the possibility of its development, the initial purpose of the simulation.

The selection of the dynamic model is determinedfeature of the process being studied. If in science, as the main goal of the simulation is the possibility of a detailed study of the essence of the process, then in the technique it is meant to search for the optimal version of controlling the operation of the device, identifying minimum losses. Dynamic systems involve the use of mathematical symbols, signs, laws to obtain reliable and timely results.