History of the development of psychology and its main branches

The history of the development of psychology ("psyuhe" in per. with the ancient Greek. "soul", "logos" - "science"), as a special knowledge, its roots go back to the 4th-5th centuries BC, because it originated in the depths of philosophy. Ancient sage Aristotle wrote his treatise "On the soul", in which he managed to outline the basic laws and principles of its functioning.

The history of the development of psychology as an independentscientific discipline, was associated already with the research of W. Wundt in the XIX century. Since at that time the first programs were created, created by scientists, who were oriented towards the application of a general scientific method of study. Therefore, there was an experiment and the first laboratory, in which self-observation (introspection) became the main method.

In the future, psychology began activelyTo develop, a large number of directions appeared in its framework, which differed in basic theoretical positions, views on the subject of science, and methods of investigation.

At the end of the XIX century, awareness gradually developedthe fact that introspection is not capable of revealing the main aspects of the psyche because in the circle of phenomena studied by the psychology there are more phenomena.

As a result, the doctrine of Sigmund Freud appeared,who became the founder of the concept of psychoanalysis. Its main provisions are aimed at studying not the human consciousness, as in the first direction, but his personality. That is why the approach is based on such principles as: determinism and development. Special attention was paid to the unconscious as a source of internal activity.

The most serious coup was the teachings of Watson,which was called "behaviorism." Psychology in its framework acted as an objective experimental branch of the natural sciences. The subject is behavior, by which is meant the totality of those muscular and glandular reactions to stimuli from outside that can be seen. Therefore, the main method of investigation is a behavioral experiment.

History of the development of psychology in the early XX centurybecomes very difficult. Since at that time a large number of incompatible, competing and even often incompatible paradigms began to form. This was a unique situation in the formation of science, because in no discipline there were no collisions of such a number of so different paradigms.

You can easily bring a partial listdirections that were formed at this time: cognitive behaviorism; Adler's psychoanalysis; the dynamic concept of K. Levin; Gestalt psychology; the descriptive psychology of Spranger; Piaget's theory; the views of Vygotsky; several theories of activity; Bekhterev's reaktology and so on.

Therefore, in the science of that time, one can speak ofThere is an open crisis that has not been completed to date. The fact is that for modern psychology the diversity of views of the leading paradigms is characteristic. But, thanks to such a number of competing concepts, it is possible to have the most complete understanding of the subject and methods in this science.

Therefore, it can be noted that the history of the development of psychology from this moment began its development. As a result, a large number of its branches were registered.

The history of the development of social psychology islong way. But since this discipline was formed from a large number of sources, it is almost impossible to determine on what lines the basic elements could be isolated. It's about social and psychological knowledge.

Most of the main directions of science were formed in the same way. The same is the history of development of legal psychology, age, pedagogy and many others.