North-West Federal District: cities and composition

The North-Western Federal District is a definitethe territory of the European part of Russia. Here are united 7 regions, 1 city of federal significance, 2 republics and 1 autonomous region. All of them are located in the north and north-west of the country.

This district of the state was officially recognized in2000 year. It included 11 subjects, including an administrative center of federal significance in St. Petersburg. The total area is almost 2 million square meters. km, and this is about 10% of the total size of Russia. According to data for 2015, the population is slightly less than 14 million people, of which 80% live in cities.

In the economic plan, the North-West Federal District has great significance for the country. Cities that occupy a special place:

• Leading in all respects, of course, is St. Petersburg.
• The capital of the Komi Republic is Syktyvkar.
• The regional center is Kaliningrad.
• The city of military glory is Novgorod.
• The largest port of Russia is Murmansk.
• The center of the municipality is Severodvinsk.
• City district - Arkhangelsk.
• Petrozavodsk is the capital of the Republic of Karelia.
• Vologda is the center of development of science.
• The city of the Vologda region is Cherepovets.

The resources of the North-Western District allow himoccupy one of the most honorable places throughout the country. Here they produce titanium, gas, oil, apatite. The county lands are full of peat deposits and oil shale. Extensive deposits of gold, diamonds, nickel, uranium allow the economy of not only the region, but the entire state, to develop rapidly.

Komi Republic

The history of the Komi begins from 1921 until 1936. it was equated with the autonomous region, but from December 5 of the year it was given the rank of the republic that is part of the Soviet Union. Its current name was received on January 12, 1993. During 1994, the constitution was officially adopted, the emblem, hymn and flag were approved and the first elections of the head of the republic were held.

At the moment she is part of the North-West Federal District. Composition of the Republic of Komi:

• administrative districts - 12;
• cities of republican subordination - 8;
• district settlements - 2;
• village councils - 190;
• settlements - 37.

Industrial crisis fell on the collapse of the USSR. This caused mass migration. From 1990 to 2000, the population decreased by 20%.

At present, the republic's economy is at a high level. Here, mainly engaged in the extraction and processing of minerals, such as precious stones, oil and gas.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, this district issubject of the state. The official value it received in 1926. The city of Naryan-Mar was appointed an administrative center. It is the most sparsely populated area in the North-Western Federal District. The cities of this region are half-populated by Russians, and the indigenous people make up just under 20%. The total population of the district is about 43 thousand people. The charter of the autonomous region allows for activities outside the Russian Federation.

The county includes:

• city ​​of administrative significance - 1;
• PGT - 1;
• villages - 42.

The main economic sphere is reindeer husbandry and agriculture.

The Republic of Karelia

The first mention of Karelia appeared in VIIcentury, these were the tribes of the Baltic-Finnish United Alliance. Since 2001, he is a full-fledged subject of Russia with his legislative power. The Constitution and basic attributes were adopted. The capital of the republic is Petrozavodsk. Mechanical engineering and metallurgy is the main industry, which allows it to occupy a leading position among other regions within the North-Western Federal District.

The regions of the republic can be divided into the northern, southern and central parts. Each of them is different in terms of population and economic development.

1. The central part is only 13% of the total population.
2. Northern - about 14%.
3. Southern districts of the Republic of Karelia are densely populated - 73%.

The main inhabitants are Russians (57%) and Karelians (37%), other nationalities - 6%.

St. Petersburg

The only city in the federal district- St. Petersburg. It is the cultural capital of a great state. Was founded by Peter I in 1703. One of the main staffs of the Russian Armed Forces is located here. Thanks to a direct exit to the sea, the main command of the Navy of the state is located here.

St. Petersburg - scientific, cultural andindustrial center with a highly developed economy, which is part of the North-Western Federal District. The composition of the Leningrad Region does not include this city, since it is recognized as an independent entity.

The population is more than 5 million people. It wears the proud name of a millionaire. It is an urban agglomeration, the total area is almost one and a half thousand square meters. km.

Leningrad region

The territory of the Leningrad Region extends to84 thousand square meters. km. This is the only region whose authorities are in another area (Moscow). In 1993, the constitution was adopted, where they recognized the Leningrad region as a subject of a great state called Russia. The North-West Federal District includes this region with 217 municipalities. This is one urban district and 17 districts, which include 61 cities and 138 villages. Nearly 2 million people inhabit the region. The main spheres of industry: construction, metal processing, transport. Approximate annual income is 700-800 billion rubles.

Kaliningrad region

The North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation includesyourself Kaliningrad region. By area it is the smallest in comparison with other regions of Russia. Its size is slightly more than 15 thousand square meters. km. The peculiarity of this area is the fact that after the collapse of the USSR, the Kaliningrad region lost its land border with Russia. The population here is about 960 thousand people.

90% of the world's amber reserves are located here. Also in the Kaliningrad region, extract rock salt, brown coal, peat, oil.

Murmansk region

In 1938 the Murmansk region was formed. It occupies almost 145 thousand square meters. km area with a population of about 766 thousand people. The North-West Federal District unites all its regions. Well-developed industries such as non-ferrous metallurgy, mining, light, metalworking and chemical. The annual turnover varies in the region of 300 billion rubles, which makes it possible to keep average positions in the rating of Russian subjects. The structure of the Murmansk region includes 5 districts of self-government and 12 districts of municipal subordination.

Pskov region

The Pskov Region was formed in 1944., but its borders were finally formed only in 1958. All four years of the Great Patriotic War was occupied by the Germans, which in many respects affected its development and population. In 1967, for showing courage and rapid recovery after hostilities received the highest award - the Order of Lenin.

Currently, according to data for 2015, the population of the region was about 650 thousand people. After entering the North-West Federal District, its gross turnover reached almost 80 billion rubles. Here is developed agriculture, power engineering, construction.

Vologda Region

Education of the Vologda region with modernborders took place in 1937. However, in 1944 the Pavinsky and Vohomsky districts became the property of the Kostroma district. The total population is 1.1 million people. The city of Vologda is an administrative center. The indigenous people are Russians and Veps.

Municipalities of the region:

• districts with local self-government - 26;
• okrug - 2;
• urban settlements - 22;
• of the village - 322.

The most developed industries are electric power and ferrous metallurgy.

Novgorod region

The North-West Federal District includes in itsborders of 7 regions. Novgorod in area takes 6 place with dimensions of 55.3 square meters. km. It was formed in 1944. However, already in 1956 the districts were redistributed, and the village councils Dmitrovsky and Mozolevsky became subordinate to the Leningrad Oblast. The population is more than 618 thousand people.

In the Novgorod region there are 3 cities of regional importance. This is Veliky Novgorod - the administrative center, Borovichi and Staraya Russa.

There are 1519 industrial complexes on the territory. Leading spheres: woodworking, chemical, metallurgy.

Arhangelsk region

The largest region of Russia, located in the European part, is the Arkhangelsk (590 thousand square kilometers). Its dimensions can be compared with the areas of some countries, for example:

• France (about 537 thousand square kilometers);
• Spain (almost 505 thousand square kilometers).

When the Northern Region was divided in 1937 was formed Archangel. According to data actual for 2015, the population was almost 1.2 million people. In this area, the most important industrial areas are concentrated: shipbuilding, woodworking, pulp and paper production, diamond mining.