Extrasystole - treatment, diagnosis and prevention

Extrasystoles are called prematurereduction of the whole heart or part of it. This violation of the heart rate can be determined in most healthy people over 30 years of age. Often extrasystole is found in heart defects, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, ischemic disease. In addition, extrasystole can cause intoxication with medications, nicotine, alcohol abuse, strong coffee.

Clinically extrasystole, especially organicis often diagnosed accidentally during the examination. Extrasystoles of functional origin are manifested by a feeling of discomfort in the chest, complaints of a feeling of "cardiac arrest", pulsation.

The diagnosis is based on ECG data, with the help ofwhich determine the appearance of extraordinary cardiac contractions. At the place of formation in the myocardium, extrasystoles are divided into atrial and ventricular. The simplest extrasystoles are single extraordinary cuts. They, as a rule, have a functional origin. Such extrasystoles do not change the usual hemodynamics.

If extrasystole is diagnosed, treatment of herdepends on the cause of development and can be different - from general restorative therapy to the appointment of antiarrhythmic drugs and radiofrequency ablation. Therapeutic tactics take into account the shape and location of the extrasystoles.

If there is no organic damage to the heart anddiagnosed extrasystole, treatment can be limited to the appointment of sedatives, restorative therapy, exclusion of factors that cause heart rhythm disturbance. With persistent extrasystole, the appointment of antiarrhythmic drugs.

Treatment of extrasystole with antiarrhythmic drugs

Despite the large number ofantiarrhythmic drugs, drug treatment of extrasystolic arrhythmia is complex and not always sufficiently effective. It has been proven that antiarrhythmic drugs in some cases can themselves cause heart rhythm disturbances in some patients.

All antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into several groups:

• blockers of fast sodium channels;
• beta-blockers;
• potassium channel blockers;
• blockers of slow calcium channels.

Antiarrhythmic drugs for acuteThe extrasystoles are used parenterally, in other cases they are administered orally. Any extrasystole, treated with antiarrhythmic drugs, must be confirmed by instrumental studies. Selection of drugs and dosage is carried out individually. In addition, treatment of the underlying disease and elimination of factors contributing to the development of arrhythmia are necessary.

In organic heart diseases, frequent, especially ventricular extrasystoles are necessary treatment, when there is a threat of development of life-threatening forms of arrhythmias.

Severe extrasystole, treatment with medicineswhich does not give a result, requires the use of non-drug therapies. In this case, electroimpulse therapy, electrocardiostimulation, radiofrequency destruction of additional foci of excitation in the myocardium can be used.

The prognosis for extrasystole is determined by the severitythe main disease, the stage of heart failure and the type of extrasystoles. The presence of some forms of extrasystoles may be a harbinger of paroxysmal tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Especially dangerous is the ventricular extrasystole, the treatment of which does not bring the desired result.

Prevention of cardiac arrhythmias, firstturn, consists in the treatment of the underlying disease, as well as the exclusion of emotional and physical overstrain, the abuse of alcohol and other stimulant beverages, control over the intake of medications is necessary.