Types of hypertension, causes

As a result of prolonged research, scientists have created several classifications of hypertensive disease, depending on the criteria for the approach.

Appearance of the patient

German doctor Folgard in the works of 1913-1920. subdivided the disease into such types of hypertension:

• red hypertension is manifested by reddening of the face, spots, which indicates the expansion of capillaries;
• pale causes a spasm of the capillaries, pale skin and becomes cold. The same applies to the limbs.

By origin

Types of hypertension depending on the origin:

• primary (otherwise essential, idiopathic) hypertension;
• symptomatic increase in blood pressure.

The reason for the primary species has not yet been fully elucidated. Most likely, various factors influence: pituitary diseases, adrenal cortex, changes in the walls of blood vessels and others.

Increased pressure often causes kidney disease. Renal hypertension is usually accompanied by hypertrophy of the left ventricle and difficult to treat.

Symptomatic or secondary hypertensionis defined only in 10% of patients. The cause of this increase in pressure is the presence of chronic diseases or medications that can affect the pressure.

Types of hypertension by the nature of leakage

Dr. GF Lang in the late 30-ies were identified such types of disease:

• slow progressing or "benign" hypertension;
• rapidly progressing or "malignant" hypertension.

With a slow progression, there are 3 stages of the disease, which are divided by the parameters of the stability of the pressure increase, as well as by the severity of the pathological processes in the target organs.

Hypertension malignant begins in the young, and sometimes in childhood, is difficult to take and has an endocrine nature.

According to the level of pressure

In most countries in Europe, classify such types of hypertension, which is used in the diagnosis of the disease:

• "Mild" hypertension - low (up to 140 mm Hg), a short increase in blood pressure, which does not require drug therapy;
• "Moderate" hypertension refers to the stage 1-2 development of a "benign" form, the pressure is not more than 180/110;
• "Severe" form is "malignant" or in the third stage, proceeds with severe complications and is poorly adjusted by drugs.

By degree of injury

The state of the patient is judged not by the level of blood pressure, but by the condition of organs in which blood supply has been impaired.

Types of hypertension in stages of the disease:

• The first stage is accompanied by small ascentsBP in the range - systolic 140-160, with diastolic pressure - in the range of 95-100 mm Hg. It is of a short-term nature, accompanied by mild headaches, sleep disturbance, and decreased mental performance. The target organs are not damaged at this stage.
• The second stage is accompanied by a more stablehigh pressure, which is increased even at rest and is 160-180 systolic, and 100-110 - indices of diastolic pressure. Characterized by the following clinical signs of organ damage: hypertrophy of the left ventricle, narrowing of the arteries, the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, kidney damage.
• The third stage of blood pressure is the level of pressure220-230 / 115-130. Lesions of organs: angina pectoris, heart attack, heart failure; stratification of the walls of the vascular aorta, occlusion of the arteries; kidney failure; violation of blood circulation in the brain, stroke; hemorrhage in the fundus.

Isolated form

Isolated systolic hypertensionis manifested by an increase in systolic pressure while maintaining the diastolic pressure within normal limits. This type of hypertension is observed in a third of elderly patients. The main reason for the development of this condition is the poor elasticity of large vessels. The disease can cause myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy.

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