Minimal cerebral dysfunction - causes and treatment

Minimal brain dysfunction -neuropsychic disorder, which is the result of a mild CNS lesion. These disorders are due to the course of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as various kinds of infections and lack of care during infancy.

The pattern of irregularities with minimal cerebraldysfunction is very diverse and varies with age, as a rule, its manifestations increase to younger school age. Minimal cerebral dysfunction in children can affect the appearance in the change in the structure of the facial bones of the skull, in the incorrect formation of the skeleton of the oral cavity, and the asthenia of the muscles of the tongue, which can lead to problems of speech development. Possible violations of muscle tone, the presence of pathological reflexes. From vegetative reactions there is increased sweating, salivation. Children with minimal brain dysfunction are characterized by motor disinhibition, hyperactivity, they are prone to frequent mood changes. Psychologists working with children, in whose anamnesis there is a record of "minimal brain dysfunction," note the presence in such children of autoaggression, susceptibility to anger, rage. Among the psychological violations should be noted social immaturity, which is expressed in the desire to play and communicate with younger children. Such children are characterized by disturbances in the process of falling asleep and sleep: sleep is shallow, intermittent, in a dream, children can scream. As already noted above, children with MMD have problems with schooling (one is difficult to "give" the computational action, others have problems with error-free writing, others have disrupted spatial orientation).

Variants of the disorder with minimal brain dysfunction:

• Minimal cerebral dysfunction withhyperactivity due to attention deficit. Such children are characterized by a high threshold of excitability, impulsiveness. They are distinguished by a high level of aggressiveness, a decrease in concentration and randomness of attention;
• Minimal brain dysfunction with hypoactivity due to attention deficit. These children are distinguished by inhibition, lethargy, decreased concentration of attention;
• MMD associated with impaired motility, coordination of movements;
• MMD, associated with the imperfection of spatial orientation;
• MMD, manifested in violation of speech development.

Negative factors of intrauterine development mayaffect and in adolescence, expressed in the propensity to use narcotic and alcoholic substances, asocial behavior, predilection for early sexual intercourse.

Small cerebral dysfunction manifests itself in the form ofpsychomotor excitability, mild degree of absent-mindedness, vegetative instability. In 70% of children with low minimum dysfunction, the disorders occur with minimal medical intervention. The remaining 30% face difficulties in schooling.

MMD by the encephalopathic type is characterized byfocal lesion of the NS, expressed in the underdevelopment of higher cortical functions. These children inherent mirroring in writing, difficulty in recognizing "right" - "left", poor speech memory. Only one third of children with this type of MMD have a favorable compensatory prognosis.

During the infancy of children with MMD distinguishesincreased excitability, sleep disturbance, tremor of the chin and extremities. At a later time, they are characterized by backwardness in psycho-speech development, disinhibition, difficulties in general motor skills. Enuresis often develops. As a rule, such manifestations with adequate treatment go to 5 years. If the manifestations are not compensated up to this age, then by the beginning of schooling they can grow, the child will need the help of specialists.