How is the mushroom cell arranged?
For a very long time the ancient scientists mistakenlymushrooms in one group with plants. And this was done only because of their external similarity. After all, mushrooms, like plants, can not move. And at first sight they are not at all like animals. However, once scientists were able to examine the cells, they found that the fungal cell is much like an animal cell. Therefore, these living organisms no longer belong to plants. However, they can not be attributed to animals, since the fungal cell, in addition to similarities, also has a number of differences from the animal. In connection with this, the mushrooms were separated into a separate kingdom. Thus, in nature, there are five realms of living organisms: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria and viruses.
The main features of the fungal cell
Mushrooms belong to eukaryotes. These are living organisms in which the nucleus is present in the cells. It is necessary in order to protect genetic information recorded on DNA. Eukaryotes, in addition to fungi, are animals and plants.
There are both unicellular fungi, and multicellular.
The fungal cell, like all cells of eukaryotes,consists of three parts: the plasma membrane, the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Organoids and inclusions are found in the latter. Organoids are permanent. They perform certain functions in the cell. Inclusions are unstable. They basically perform a backup function. They are not as complex as organoids. Basically, these are simply drops or crystals of nutrients that the fungal cell can use if necessary.
What is the cell of the fungus like a plant cell?
The main similarity is that the structureThe fungal cell provides for the presence of a cell wall on top of the plasma membrane. Such formation is not typical for animal cells, but in plants it is also present. However, in flora, the cell wall is constructed of cellulose, and in mushrooms it consists of chitin.
Similarities of the fungal and animal cells
The main feature that makes the structure of mushroomcells similar to an animal, this is the presence of inclusions from glycogen. Unlike plants that store starch, fungi, like animals, store glycogen.
Another similar feature is the way the cells are fed. Mushrooms are heterotrophs, that is, they receive ready-made organic substances from outside. Plants are autotrophs. They are photosynthesized, receiving nutrients on their own.
Organoids
The fungal cell, which can be seen below, has such organelles as mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, cell center and Golgi complex.
| Organoid | Function |
| Mitochondria | Cell respiration (energy production) |
| Ribosomes | The translation process (the formation of a polypeptide chain of individual amino acids) |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Synthesis of fats, metabolism |
| Lysosomes | Cellular digestion |
| Cellular Center | Participation in the process of cell division |
| Golgi Complex | Synthesis of organic substances, classification of proteins |
Unlike plants, mushroom cells do not containplastids. In plants, these organoids are responsible for photosynthesis (chloroplasts) and the color of the petals (chromoplasts). Also, fungi differ from plants in that in their case only the old cell has a vacuole. Vegetative cells have this organoid throughout the life cycle.
The nucleus of mushrooms
Since they are eukaryotes, in eachthe cell contains the nucleus. It is designed to protect genetic information recorded on DNA, as well as to coordinate all processes occurring in the cell.
This structure has a nuclear membrane, in which there are special pores consisting of special proteins - nucleoprion. Thanks to the pores, the nucleus can exchange substances with the cytoplasm.
The medium that is inside the membrane is called karyoplasm. It contains DNA in the form of chromosomes.
Unlike plants and animals, the cells of whichusually contain one core (for example, multi-nuclear muscle cells or non-nuclear platelets may be an exception), a fungal cell often has more than one nucleus and not more.
Conclusion - a variety of mushrooms
So, when we have already figured out how the cell of these organisms is arranged, let's consider in a few words their varieties.
First of all, there are unicellular fungi andmulticellular. Among the unicellular, yeast is the most well-known and widely used human being. In addition, there are a number of unicellular fungi that parasitize other organisms, thereby causing a variety of diseases, such as powdery mildew in plants or ringworm in animals.
Multicellular fungi, depending on the structure, are divided into such classes: basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, oomycetes, zygomycetes and chitridiomycetes.
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